New Rules of Sociological Method by Anthony Giddens (Farsi)

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In "New Rules of Sociological Method," Anthony Giddens presents a critical reassessment of classical sociological theories and methodologies. Giddens challenges the positivist tradition established by figures such as Emile Durkheim, advocating instead for a more interpretative and reflexive approach to sociology. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective meanings and intentions behind social actions and argues for the integration of human agency into the analysis of social structures. Giddens introduces the concept of "structuration," which posits that social structures are both the medium and the outcome of the practices they recursively organize. This duality of structure underscores that while social structures shape individual actions, these actions also reproduce or alter the very structures that constrain them.