The Revolt of the Masses by José Ortega y Gasset (Farsi)

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“The Revolt of the Masses” by José Ortega y Gasset explores the social and political changes in early 20th-century Europe through the lens of the “mass-man.” Ortega describes individuals who, lacking expertise and self-awareness, occupy central roles in public life, shaping political and cultural decisions. He argues that the rise of democracy, technological advancement, and broader education has empowered these formerly marginalized people. The mass-man prioritizes comfort, immediate pleasure, and conformity over reflection, personal growth, or responsibility. This classic work analyzes the tension between individuality and collective influence, offering timeless insights into modern society, culture, and the challenges posed by the spread of mass influence on social and political life.